Partial vs full knee replacement: which is right for you?

Partial vs full knee replacement: understand the key differences to choose the right option for your condition and recovery goals.
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Knowing whether you need a partial or total knee replacement is a crucial decision that affects not only the surgical procedure itself but also your recovery time, functional outcome, and long-term mobility.

Professor Etienne Cavaignac, orthopaedic surgeon specialised in knee surgery and sports traumatology, performs over 1,000 knee operations per year. His expertise ensures that each patient receives a personalised recommendation, based on clinical findings and lifestyle goals.

The difference between partial and full knee replacement

Understanding the difference between partial and full knee replacement is essential to make an informed treatment decision.

A partial knee replacement involves replacing only the damaged compartment of the knee, usually the medial, lateral, or patellofemoral. The rest of the joint remains intact, preserving natural bone and ligaments. In contrast, a total knee replacement involves resurfacing all three compartments of the knee with artificial components.

This distinction means that a partial replacement is generally less invasive, involves a shorter hospital stay, and allows for a more natural feeling in the knee after recovery. It is most appropriate when osteoarthritis is limited to one area of the joint.

How to choose: partial vs total knee replacement based on your condition

Several factors help determine whether a partial vs. total knee replacement is appropriate for you.

A partial knee surgery may be suitable if:
• The damage is localised to a single compartment
• The knee ligaments, particularly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), are intact
• Your knee alignment is relatively normal
• You maintain a healthy weight and active lifestyle

A total knee replacement is often recommended when:
• Arthritis affects the entire joint (tricompartmental disease)
• There is significant deformity or instability
• The cartilage is severely worn across all compartments
• You have limited function and persistent pain despite conservative treatments

During a consultation, Professor Cavaignac conducts a thorough clinical examination and radiographic evaluation to determine the most appropriate option. His priority is to offer a personalised surgical approach tailored to your anatomy and expectations.

Recovery time difference between partial and full knee replacement

Recovery time differences between partial and full knee replacements vary considerably.

Recovery time for a partial knee replacement

• Shorter hospitalisation (1 to 2 days)
• Walking without assistance often resumes within 2 to 3 weeks
• Return to light daily activities by 4 to 6 weeks
• Full recovery within 3 to 6 months

Recovery for a total knee replacement

• Hospital stay of 2 to 3 days
• Supportive walking devices used for 3 to 6 weeks
• Return to daily activities typically in 2 to 3 months
• Full recovery may take 6 to 12 months

With either knee replacement surgery, a personalised physiotherapy programme is crucial. Professor Cavaignac uses the Orthense digital platform to monitor patient progress remotely and adapt rehabilitation protocols for optimal recovery.

Partial knee replacement vs. total knee replacement: surgical approach and technology

When we talk about “partial knee replacement vs. total knee replacement”, each surgery benefits from advanced techniques.

Professor Cavaignac employs robotic-assisted systems for enhanced precision. These platforms offer:

• Real-time intraoperative feedback
• Highly accurate bone preparation
• Custom alignment based on the patient's specific anatomy

He also uses the subvastus approach, a minimally invasive technique that avoids cutting the quadriceps muscle. This method reduces postoperative pain and accelerates the return to function.

Long-term outcomes and expectations after partial knee replacement vs full replacement

Understanding the long-term benefits and limitations of partial knee replacement vs. full replacement helps patients set realistic expectations.

Outcome of a partial knee surgery

• Often feels more natural during movement
• Preserves more of your original knee structure
• Easier to revise if needed in the future

Outcome of a full knee surgery

• Provides greater pain relief in severe arthritis
• Longer lifespan of the prosthesis in most cases
• Addresses widespread damage in the joint

Regardless of the type of surgery, long-term success depends on postoperative rehabilitation, implant quality, and adherence to medical recommendations. Professor Cavaignac follows his patients closely over time to monitor progress and address any concerns.

Conclusion: let us guide your decision

The best option depends on your symptoms, joint condition, and future lifestyle goals. With extensive experience and a dedicated focus on knee surgery, Professor Etienne Cavaignac offers a personalised approach using state-of-the-art techniques and digital follow-up tools.

If you would like expert guidance on your knee condition, do not hesitate to schedule an appointment.

Book your consultation with Professor Cavaignac today and take the first step towards better mobility and lasting joint health.